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lundi 30 septembre 2013
New Carousel in Google Search - YouTube Videos in Bigger View
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Help With the Internet Comes From Web Services Companies
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Good Work Atmosphere Makes Singapore The Choicest Website Design Company
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Learn iPhone Game Development in Five Easy Steps
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Looking for Custom E-Commerce Development, Get a PSD to Oscommerce Conversion
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Benefits of Web Designing
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A Few Simple Ways to Optimize Your Website for Search Engines
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dimanche 29 septembre 2013
How to Get Visitors to Return to Your Site
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Strategies to Get Your Online Business Startup Off the Ground
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Strategies to Get Your Online Business Startup Off the Ground
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samedi 28 septembre 2013
Google Adding G+ Hashtag To Search
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Don?EUR(TM)T Put Your Reputation on the Block
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Awe-Inspiring Vehicle Graphics Berkshire
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Commendable Services of Yorkshire Web Development
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Why Hiring a Web Design Company Could Be the Right Decision for Your Business
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vendredi 27 septembre 2013
WebmasterWorld Weekly Round-Up 27 September
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Some Information About Table The Game Of Golf
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Anatomy of a Website - Website Design Basics
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Importance of Professional Website Design in Dental Internet Marketing
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Tips for Hiring Professional Website Developers in India
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SEO Companies in Lebanon Guarantee Online Success
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Why Websites Should Be Customized
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jeudi 26 septembre 2013
Google Search Engine Core Called Hummingbird
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http://feeds.feedburner.com/mattcutts/PUFy
Someone recently asked me how I manage my to-do list, so I thought I’d write up the software that I use. Fundamentally I use Google Tasks as the backend, but with extensions and apps that improve on the basic functionality in Google Tasks.
Chrome
I use a couple different extensions for Chrome:
- Better Google Tasks is a great Chrome extension. Just click a button in Chrome and you have instant access to all your todo items. I like the extension so much that I donated some money to the author, Chris Wiegman. You can get the Better Google Tasks extension from the Chrome Store.
- I also noticed that on the New Tab page of Chrome, seeing thumbnails of my most visited sites (Techmeme, Hacker News, Nuzzel, Google News, etc.) every time I opened a new tab inevitably led me to click over to those sites. The result? I was wasting more time surfing than I wanted. The solution is a great Chrome extension called New Tab to Tasks. It changes Chrome’s new tab page to be your todo list. That way, I get a nice little signal every time I open a tab: “Hey, remember that you’re supposed to be working on stuff, not goofing off.” Thanks to Scott Graham for writing this Chrome extension.
Oh, and one last Chrome recommendation: if you don’t want *any* distractions on Chrome’s new tab page, consider installing Empty New Tab Page, which makes the Chrome new tab page completely blank.
Android
For Android, I use an app called Tasks. It costs $0.99, but there’s also a free version that starts showing ads after 10 days. I like the Tasks app for Android because it syncs with Google Tasks, has nice widgets, you can easily move tasks up and down, and you can indent tasks underneath each other. I only keep a few todo lists (Home, Work, Grocery, etc.), and to switch between lists you just swipe left or right. Tasks works great for me, but if you have tons of different todo lists then swiping between those lists might get old.
I can already imagine someone asking “Okay, but what about Google Keep?” I’m not opposed to Google Keep, but at this point I’ve found various third-party solutions that interoperate with Google Tasks and work well for me on Chrome and Android. Plus I already have my data in Google Tasks, so for the time being I like these solutions for Google Tasks.
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Stand Positively Out Of The Crowd With An Impressive Custom Logo Design
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1099 Software - Taking Care of Your Small Business Requirements
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Google AdWords Certification Program is Changing
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The Options For Core Elements In Seo Tools
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mercredi 25 septembre 2013
This week's sponsor: Happy Cog
The Happy Cog Way -— Eight instructional courses highlighting Happy Cog’s methods and best practices from prototyping and responsive design to type systems and site deployment techniques. Get all eight courses for $99 until October 10/8/13.
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Google Launches "Ready Creatives" For Display Ads
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US Attorney General's Operation "Clean Turf" Fines Companies For Writing False Online Reviews
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Web Development in Bedford Will Enable You to Compete With a Wider Customer Base
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Advantages and Importance of Social Media Optimization
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Web Design in Milton Keynes Is an Essential Part of Any Business Model
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Other Services Offered By A Website Design Company
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Impress Your Business Contacts With Your Web Design
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Online Web Development in Netherlands and Website Designing and Garnishing With the Help of Powerful and Able Tools
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Specifications to Get Your Ecommerce Business Started Off
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Specifications to Get Your Ecommerce Business Started Off
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Learn How to Get Your Business Online Started Off
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Learn How to Get Your Business Online Started Off
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mardi 24 septembre 2013
Google AdWords Now Allows Click Conversion Monitoring Up To 90-Days
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Computer Aided Design for Engineers
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CAD for Engineers and More
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CAD In Fashion Careers
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New Google AdSense Redesigned Text Ads CTR Performance
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So Your Company Wants A New Website - Can You Handle That?
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Are You Aware of Popular Website Design Trends?
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Guide for Beginners to Create Their Own Websites.
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Guide for Beginners to Create Their Own Websites.
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Best Web Based Design, Applications And Seo For Your Business
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How to Get the Best Web Design for Your Website
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The Importance of Accuracy on Your Company Website
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The Secrets to a Successful Small Business Website
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Is Your Small Business One of the 80% With a Below-Par Website?
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Web Design Tips on Functionality and Marketing
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Sustainable Web Design
A growing number of industries are trying to reduce or at least curtail carbon footprints and energy use. Emissions standards have been set for the automotive, construction, and even telecommunications industries. Yet the internet’s carbon footprint is growing out of control: a whopping 830 million tons of CO2 annually, which is bigger than that of the entire aviation industry. That amount is set to double by 2020.
It is time for web designers to join the cause.
Right now, at least 332 million tons of CO2—40 percent of the internet’s total footprint—falls at least partially under the responsibility of people who make the web. It needn’t be that large, but with our rotating carousels, high-res images, and more, we have been designing increasingly energy-demanding websites for years, creating monstrous HUMVEE sites where we could be just as well served by slender hybrids or, better yet, bicycles.
The good news is that we have several methods for fixing obese websites and simultaneously attacking our industry’s carbon footprint—methods that conveniently dovetail with good business practice: mobile-ready design demands a thoughtful and efficient approach to page design, and increasingly sophisticated web ROI metrics are already driving businesses to pursue faster and lighter sites.
Before getting into the nitty-gritty, let’s first look at how to estimate a website’s footprint.
What is the web’s carbon footprint?
Just as we refer to a car’s energy usage in terms of miles per gallon, we can think about website energy usage in terms of the amount of data downloaded. This, in turn, gives us a framework for guessing the relationship between page size and carbon footprint. Unfortunately, working out a website’s carbon footprint is, on the best of days, tricky and imprecise. Here’s my shot at it:
- A 2008 paper from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory suggests it takes 13kWh to transmit 1GB.
- According to EPA figures, the average U.S. power plant emits 1.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent (called CO2e) per kWh produced (other countries have higher or lower averages depending on their energy policy).
- If we multiply 13kWh by 1.2 pounds, we get 15.6 pounds of CO2e—and that’s just to transfer 1GB of data.
- If one million users each download a typical page, which now averages 1.4MB, that’s a total of 1,367GB of data.
- At 15.6 pounds per gigabyte, that’s more than 10 tons of CO2e.
- Mobile data, with its reliance on 3G/4G, is up to five times more polluting—77 pounds CO2 per gigabyte.
- If a million mobile users on 3G download a 1.4MB page, that’s 1,367GB times 77 pounds, which totals 52 tons of CO2.
Based on these figures, we can estimate that a site the size of Tumblr, with 183 million pageviews per day and approximately 10 percent of those from mobile, has the potential to be responsible for a staggering 2,600 tons of CO2 daily.
That doesn’t take into account important factors like how much of the data center’s electricity comes from renewable or fossil fuels or end-user electricity usage, both of which could significantly influence the total. But these numbers do give us a framework for seeing the relationship between page size and carbon footprint—and make it clear that cutting gigabytes saves CO2.
The first place to start trimming? In our designs.
Reducing CO2 by tackling page bloat
At 1.4MB, today’s average page is 15 times larger than it was 10 years ago, primarily due to images (881kB) and script (224kB). Plain old HTML totals just 54kB—but when’s the last time you saw an HTML-only site? This average page also makes more than 100 HTTP requests. Whether they fetch a big object or a small one, these add up to more delay and more power wastage. The average site is also slow: Alexa’s top 2,000 retailer sites now take an average of more than seven seconds to load—much longer than users consider acceptable.
Budgeting for a lean, mean, and green website
No one intentionally sets out to build a 1.4MB page, but clients often demand eye-catching images, advanced social features, and plenty of design bells and whistles, and that’s pretty much all it takes to get to that size. The best way to prevent this kind of obesity is to set a page size budget: start with a target page size, and stick to it.
At MadPow, we’ve adopted the page size budget approach to help us chase better page-load performance, with the holy grail being a page that loads in two seconds or less. Of course, the more page weight we shave off, the smaller the site’s carbon footprint. To keep track of this, I multiply the page size by analytics on user visits to arrive at a rough total for site traffic, not forgetting to separate out the more-polluting mobile traffic and account for caching.
Sticking to the page budget means considering data-weight at each stage of design:
Content strategy: If you are retrofitting a site to reduce page weight, a quick fix might be to trade higher-weight content for lighter alternatives, like still pictures instead of video, or text instead of images—so long as the same user and business goals are served. Better yet, if you use a “content first” approach, you can bake the size considerations into your content planning, so as to make content choices that are appropriate for the audience and the data budget.
Interaction design: The experience definition phase of design is the perfect time to intercept the more data-hungry site features that threaten a page budget. The ubiquitous carousel is a prime offender—a typical one has three to six big images, plus the JavaScript needed to make it move, typically adding up to hundreds of kilobytes. The value of carousels is debatable anyway; if you need to make a metrics-driven case for reduction or replacement, take the Brad Frost Carousel Challenge. Other candidates for reappraisal include sharing buttons, embedded maps, auto-play video, Flash, ads, and syndicated third-party content services—all of which come with a hefty data overhead.
Visual design: Images are the largest part of the footprint for most sites (60 percent on average), and are ripe for data reduction. To start, can you get by with fewer images? Many images on the web are also saved in the incorrect format, are improperly sized, or are badly optimized. Free services like smush.it can optimize your images better than your regular editing tool, and they’ll do batch processing, too.
Consolidating all the small images on your site by using CSS sprites or web icon fonts will save data and HTTP requests; pure CSS icons will be the lightest-weight option, when browser support catches up. And since mobile data is so much more polluting than wired data, make sure responsive sites use a working responsive images solution. Good optimization could shave 72 percent off mobile image weight.
Code design: Front-end optimization is burgeoning with low-hanging fruit: shrinking scripts, compressing downloads, setting appropriate caching times, and combining files can all help reduce data overhead and HTTP requests. For a quick taste, point Google Page Speed at your site, and it will identify which techniques could be applied to help speed it up. For a deeper dive, I recommend reading “Web Performance 101,” or Lara Swanson’s recent ALA article.
Green hosting: Even before you start minimizing your site’s carbon footprint through design and optimization, you could consider moving to a green host. Many of these are powered by renewable energy—particularly in Iceland, where data centers have opened to take advantage of cheap geothermal power. Green hosting might not be for everyone yet (it can be more expensive, and Iceland might be far from your customers), but more local green hosts are starting to appear. Some cloud-based services are getting greener, too: Google, Apple, and Rackspace get some of their power from renewables, though according to Greenpeace, Amazon Web Services does not.
Offsetting the rest: Even after applying a lean design, optimizing, and moving to a green web host, your site will still have a carbon footprint. To account for that, you can buy an offset, which typically costs $19 per ton, depending on the project. Offsetting doesn’t actually take the CO2 out of the atmosphere, and it is a poor substitute for reducing emissions. However, many programs have additional benefits, such as funding education in the developing world or protecting fragile habitats.
Persuading people to optimize
Optimizing for lower emissions is tantamount to optimizing for general performance, so even non-green businesses have several compelling reasons to put their site on a diet: faster pages make for happier users, especially on mobile; they convert better and have better SEO, too.
Adding climate benefit to that list makes an overwhelming case for cutting page size and data, especially for companies that are already sympathetic to a climate case (such as those that have signed the Climate Declaration).
The internet as climate hero
Despite its huge carbon footprint, the internet could also be a climate savior. The transition of old industries and services to the internet has the potential to save eight billion tons of CO2 by 2020, more than counterbalancing the projected 1.4 billion ton 2020 internet footprint.
For instance:
- Teleconferencing has already reduced business travel by 30 percent.
- Home sharing (like AirBnB) is 66 percent more efficient than staying at a hotel.
- Car sharing services are taking cars off the road—as many as 20 regular cars per shared one, according to ZipCar.
- Meshing.it, the directory for the sharing economy, lists a further 8,000 startups, all focused on spreading ownership amongst communities, thus reducing consumption.
As we continue these shifts toward an increasingly online economy, though, we’ll also soon be welcoming five billion new users to the internet. As the internet’s overall share of world climate pollution continues to grow, so does the climate responsibility of those who architect it. But by building lean and clean, we can reduce the damage—and make happier customers and profitable businesses to boot.
Perhaps we’re conditioned to frame environmentally-friendly choices as sacrifices, but it isn’t so with the web. We can have cleaner, greener websites while also making users happier and improving the bottom line. And while the problem may be large, as any dietician can tell you, small changes add up. Why wouldn’t we get started?
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Very Important Ecommerce Strategies for Your Web Page
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Very Important Ecommerce Strategies for Your Web Page
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lundi 23 septembre 2013
Google Organic Keyword Data "Not Provided" - It's Now Gone
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Local Online Reviews - Meet Reputation Marketing!
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Online Reputation - It Isn't Word-Of-Mouth Anymore!
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Online Marketing And More With Singapore Web Development
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I Want a New Search Engine
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Creating a Video Marketing Strategy
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Tips For Achieving A Great Website Design
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samedi 21 septembre 2013
vendredi 20 septembre 2013
Website Navigation - It Can Be Creative!
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WebmasterWorld Weekly Round-Up 20 September
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Important Footer Link Facts You Need To Know!
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Why Great Websites Must Have Great Articles!
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Writing Blogs - It Can Be Done Without Any Magic Tricks!
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Site Link Partners Being Harassed To Remove Links
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How Creativity And Simplicity Combines for a Quality Web Designers
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Web Design Tips
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Major Web Design Styles That Are Trending in 2013
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Major Web Design Styles That Are Trending in 2013
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Google announces new flat logo and "App Launcher" nav menu official
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jeudi 19 septembre 2013
Google Improves Backlink Data in GWT
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Blogging - Two Different Viewpoints!
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Content Management and Optimization Needs A Combined Effort!
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Real Estate Website Design
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Rachel Andrew on the Business of Web Dev: Pricing Underpins Everything You Do
Over the last four years, my service business has become a product business. During the transition, I’ve had a chance to reflect on the uses and pitfalls of each model. Hindsight is a wonderful thing—I can now see that many of the difficulties we experienced as a service business could have been avoided with a different pricing model. Yet what was ultimately one of our biggest mistakes gave us experiences we could draw on when deciding on a pricing model for our product, a model that has been very successful for us.
When I started my company in 2001, I was essentially operating as a freelance developer. I was still relatively inexperienced, with a few years of Perl and Classic ASP development under my belt. I had a natural aptitude for troubleshooting problems, but this meant that many of my projects were fairly short term. I would bill for a few hours here and there fixing a problem or writing some additional code for an existing system. Therefore, I figured out an hourly rate based on what I needed to earn to survive, and charged per hour worked.
The hourly rate method of pricing worked well for an individual developer on short-term projects, but in retrospect we should have moved away from that model once we were developing large and complex projects. Six years ago, Drew McLellan joined the company. By then, I was developing fairly large projects, often using other contractors, and Drew brought another 12 years of experience to the company. Our value at this point was not that we could write lines of code. Our value was in the huge amount of experience we brought to projects. However, we were still charging like PHP freelancers, trying to work out the number of hours any project might take.
As we gave the client an estimate based on an hourly rate at the start of the project, any change to the spec or designs meant a recalculation of that estimate. Costs were constantly being discussed; I’m sure it felt to our clients that every interaction with us came with a price tag. Of course, when you are outsourcing services, that is ultimately the case. However, constantly needing to discuss and sign off changes meant the focus became the price and not the work. Our model worked best in the early days of the web, when designers would sign off designs and throw them over the fence to be built in a “pixel perfect” fashion by developers. It fell apart once a more collaborative and iterative way of designing and developing sites was attempted.
Pricing your services
For a new service company or freelancer the issue of what to charge is probably top of the list of worries. There is a huge amount of material out there to help you. For example, Cole Henley has recently begun to publish the results of his 2013 freelance rates survey; Jason Blumer has presented his opinion on value-based pricing here on A List Apart; Andy Clarke has written about moving to weekly billing. However, rather than just figuring out an hourly or project rate, I’d like to encourage people consider the type of service they want to provide, and tie the pricing model to that. Whichever model you choose, it needs to be profitable. You need to know that you are going to earn enough to pay any fixed costs and be able to live. However, that can be attained through very different ways of charging your clients. To illustrate, let’s take a look at two freelancers, both just setting up a new business.
Our first freelancer wants her offering to appeal to small businesses, perhaps those who don’t have a website at all. In order to appeal to these small owner-run companies, she wants to offer a low-cost service. To do this, she decides to put in place a number of constraints—for example, the sites will be essentially customized templates and the client will pick from a menu of features that can be implemented quickly. This approach enables a rapid turnaround time. It will need to be to keep costs down yet allow our freelancer to make enough money.
Our second freelancer has just left a job in a large agency. She has 10 years of experience on large-scale projects in a niche area and a good track record of delivering. The type of service she is keen to provide is very bespoke. She wants to work with a single client at a time, iteratively developing their identity and bringing in specialist skills as required to build their website and applications.
Both of these businesses are viable and valuable to the clients that they serve, but their pricing models are likely to be very different. Our first freelancer knows her potential clients do not have a lot of money to spend and want to know what things cost up front. A fixed price for a site built within constraints will work well for these clients. By tailoring her service to suit, she can do that and still make money. It would be a disaster, though, if she tried to offer a bespoke service like our second freelancer within the first pricing model described. With clients requesting extensive changes or asking for functionality outside her skillset, she would soon find herself working for less than minimum wage.
The type of project our second freelancer is skilled in is by nature that of far larger businesses with larger budgets for this type of work. Due to the iterative nature of the work and decisions made throughout the process, the project might take longer than expected, which makes any kind of fixed-cost quote impractical. She considers an hourly or daily rate, but given her desire to immerse herself in the requirements of only one client at a time, she decides that charging in one-week blocks makes more sense. It is much easier to estimate the length of a project in weeks, and the client doesn’t feel nickel-and-dimed when the scope changes. My own experience shows that it is hard for a client to feel like a partner in creating something with you if every interaction has a price tag attached.
There is nothing wrong with offering a fixed price, inexpensive service with strong constraints. I know many companies that have been successful with that type of service. But you are heading into difficult territory if you try to offer the same service as a company that bills weekly and uses an iterative approach. Equally, if you are happiest working long term with clients, in an iterative manner, the necessary constraints of fixed-price work would not enable you to do your best work.
Pricing a product
In our work as a service company, I believe our pricing strategy negatively affected the service we offered. On the flip side, the pricing for our product has been very successful. It has enabled us to look after our customers well, make a profit, and continue to develop and improve the product.
The most obvious place where pricing will change the decisions you can make is in support. Our support for the product we develop has been incredibly important to our overall success. However, it comes at a cost. In order to offer the free and unlimited support that benefits our customers and motivates them to speak highly of us, we need to dedicate a lot of time to it. This impacts our profit. As we grow, we will need to hire more people to do support if we want to offer the same quality of service. Charging less for our product might double our sales, but it would also double our support and the number of people needed to offer the same quality of support.
For the same reason, we chose not to offer a free version of the product. If we did so, we would need to support all of those free users. We wouldn’t be happy with offering a free version with no support, as any free users hitting a problem would take their issues to Twitter, giving a skewed version of what our product and support was like. But support takes time, which has a cost. Ultimately our paid license holders would be paying more in order that we could support everyone who is kicking the tires. We don’t think that’s fair.
When deciding on a pricing strategy, we also considered the type of customers we were aiming our product at. Our target market is web designers and small agencies. The majority of these will be more like the first freelancer I described in the section on service pricing. Typically, they develop a large number of sites per year, and once a site is finished it is handed over. If more work needs doing in the future, that will be billed as a separate job. In light of this, we gave our CMS product a single, fixed, and one-off cost. There are no recurring costs, and no additional charges for add-ons to the core product. This means that companies can quote for a job and know up front exactly what the CMS license will cost. Four years on and the model still works for us; it suits the majority of customers and is transparent to everyone.
Base pricing decisions on the service you want to offer, and who you want to offer it to
Whether products or services, much hangs on a pricing decision that frequently comes down to a gut feeling or a quick look at what other people are charging. You should always start with an understanding of what your costs are, in order to come up with a basic amount you need to earn as a freelancer or bring in from sales of your product.
Once you know the bottom line in terms of profitability, I would encourage you to think about what you want to offer and who your ideal clients or customers are. You can then start to shape your pricing model in a way that will appeal to that customer. You can ensure that the way you price your product or service supports the way you want to work with people, rather than it becoming a source of friction in your relationships. And finally, be confident in your pricing once you have made a decision, but don’t be afraid to take a look at the situation again as the industry and the people you work with change.
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Top 10 Significant Elements of Website Design
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Role of Web Designing in Any Website Development
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?>>?Comparing Straightforward Programs For Internet Marketing
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mercredi 18 septembre 2013
Safari on iOS 7 and HTML5: Problems, Changes and New APIs
Lots of changes to the iPhone's default web browser — some good, some not good at all.
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Report: Google Looks At New Ad Tracking ID, AdID, To Replace Cookies
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Interesting Way on How to Make Your Own Free Website Easy
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Tips for Web Design
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Web Development Will Help You to Achieve Your Business Objectives
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mardi 17 septembre 2013
Points To Choose A Singapore Web Development Company
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Top Tips To Retain Search Engine Ranking When Switching Hosting
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Traits of a Reliable Website Design Firm
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Can You Survive Google's Shrinking SERPs?
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Microsoft Refreshes Bing Search, Including Pole Position, Page Zero, Platform Independent, and New Logo
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Tampa Web Design: Does This Graphic Match My Background?
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How To Write A Great About Us Web Page
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How to Choose a Web Designer
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How A Creatively Designed School Website Will Appeal To Parents
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No Google Analytics Support for IE8 after 2013
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Is Joomla the Right CMS for Your Online Business? How to Judge?
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Thins to Consider When You Working With Logo Design Team
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Thins to Consider When
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lundi 16 septembre 2013
The Latest On Easy Programs In Internet Marketing
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?>>?Considering Uncomplicated Advice For Black Hat SEO
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?>>?Standards For Easy Solutions For Internet Marketing
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?>>?Real-World Black Hat SEO Programs Across The UK
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?>>?Deciding Upon Uncomplicated Products Of Black Hat SEO
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?>>?An Introduction To Sensible Methods For Internet Marketing
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Understanding Bing XML Sitemap Plugin For Webmasters
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Evolution the Development of Website Design in Digital World
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samedi 14 septembre 2013
Developing Basic Skills to Manage a WP Website
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Exploring Audacious Zest of Web Designing Company in India
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Uncomplicated Solutions In Sport - An Update
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vendredi 13 septembre 2013
Vehicle Costing A Package To Make Sure? Try These Superb Advice On For Size!
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Expand Your Reach Using Facebook Promoted Posts
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WebmasterWorld Weekly Round-Up 13 September
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Google Tests New Chat Function with AdSense Support
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Advanteages of Custom Wordpress Designs
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A Comparative Study on Top Three CMS Platforms
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Wordpress Design Developer India - Just What Your Online Business Needs
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?>>?Exploring Fundamental Details For Internet Marketing
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jeudi 12 septembre 2013
Rapid Solutions In Sport For 2012
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How to Blog About Code and Give Zero [bleep]s
"I need you to blog more. Little future developers who look or act or dress or think like you need you to blog more. Your slightly confused and defensive developer community needs you to blog more."
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Create Your Online Presence With Smart Websites
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Lyza Danger Gardner on Building the Web Everywhere: Do as Little as Possible
I make websites for mobile phones. Or, at least, that’s what I used to say.
Nowadays, it’s complicated. Builder of websites and applications that, with minimal exception, work decently well on nearly every kind of physical thing that is web-enabled doesn’t fit well into the OCCUPATION box on tax forms.
Explaining my job is complicated because the web itself is complicated. It’s already a spicy, mysterious dish, cobbled together with some questionable ingredients. It’s hard to say just what we’ll have on hand tomorrow—or how we’ll be able to satisfy all of the fussy devices joining the feast.
The mobile web was the future
A number of years ago, we joined hands and felt the sun on our faces and chanted “The mobile web is the future!” and went off to build it.
We started by (mostly) making and maintaining separate mobile websites. That sometimes felt cumbersome, and so we learned about Responsive Web Design and felt better that we were merely making and maintaining separate mobile web layouts. We started talking about swipe gestures in public. Then tablets happened. Eh, we thought, we can still handle this.
Then some thoughtful people started realizing that, perhaps, treating the mobile web like this Big Separate Thing might be counterproductive. Jeremy Keith, for example, proposed that There is no Mobile Web , which at the time seemed like a big old buzzkill. We had skills. Mobile savvy. Right?
Reverting back to the shorter title of regular old web developer was scary. Without the word “mobile” in there somewhere, how could we prove that we’d gone through the elaborate hazing ritual of mobile web development and in fact were still showing up every day for more beatings?
Not all of this was posturing. There were legitimate things that differentiated what we were up to from “traditional” web development. We’d learned a lot. Chucking out the new special sauce of mobile-tailored sites and apps in favor of a vanilla, lowest-common-denominator web? That would be silly.
But once we started to question the terminology, it was easy to get coaxed into dinner party arguments: What makes something mobile? What is the mobile web? What is the web, anyway, really?
My efforts to find a replacement for the word “mobile” haven’t amounted to much more than semantic air freshener: cloying, artificial cover-ups. I’ve used such stinkers as pan-device web. To get around describing how adaptive layouts look “on phones,” I say even lamer things like “in narrow-screen environments.” Barf.
Yet I don’t think it’s too grand to say that some of the trends that emerged from pioneering mobile web development represent the future of the entire web. Devices everywhere. Different displays, different inputs. Complexity. Integration of hardware characteristics. Even less control over the ultimate representation of our content.
Welcome (back) to the World Wide Web
So, let’s say it’s just the web again, now. No extra adjective needed. But it’s not the old Web, it’s the future Web. It’s changed. It got a summer job, went off to college, got sophisticated.
Looking at this new web and seeing beyond the specificity of the mobile web, or at least seeing it as an extension of the web, allows us to shore up some of the more fragile foundations we’ve laid and find ways to build the web that make a bit more sense.
Because the detail- and hack-heavy way we’re coming at this browser and device explosion will not scale. It has already broken down. Building a basic web page that works on a whole lot of devices has become in many ways a time- and soul-sucking morass of polyfills and workarounds. We sometimes spend more time tracking down why web fonts are spitting out garbage on a particular BlackBerry than creating and honing meaningful content.
Do as little as possible
Instead, I think we need to try to do as little as possible when we build the future web.
This isn’t a rationalization for laziness or shirking responsibility—those characteristics are arguably not ones you’d find in successful web devs. Nor it is a suggestion that we build bland, homogeneous sites and apps that sacrifice all nuance or spark to the Greater Good of total compatibility.
Instead it is an appeal for simplicity and elegance: putting commonality first, approaching differentiation carefully, and advocating for consistency in the creation and application of web standards.
Getting to this less-is-more future web involves, in part:
- Integrating what we’ve been learning on the mobile web—“mobile first” design practices, performance focus, progressive enhancement, and, yep, Responsive Web Design—into the future of our overall web crafting toolkits;
- Understanding the difference between inspired details and distracting minutiae, and assuring what we do do has impact;
- Introducing less risk, or managing the risk we introduce—because each workaround or device-specific tweak we make introduces risk;
- Putting more oomph and involvement behind our requests for the reliable support of web standards in browsers and across platforms, while making sure we’re learning and using the web standards we’re asking for; and
- Realizing when things aren’t in our bailiwick and getting ourselves off the hook for every technical eventuality.
Am I asking you to eschew everything unique about mobile (or other) devices in favor of cramming a one-size-fits-all blah webbiness into everything with a browser on it?
Nah. The do-less future is not about creating a great dumbing down, but instead making sure the pile of technical tasks required to get a decent site or app out the door doesn’t smother us entirely.
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Check Out Early Web Zine Word’s Historical Archives
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Interviewing Humans
The goal of interviewing users is to learn about everything that might influence how the users might use what you’re creating. Good interviewing is a skill you develop with practice. The great myth is that you need to be a good talker. Conducting a good interview is actually about shutting up. This can be very hard, especially when you’re enthusiastic about the topic.
Remember, the people you’re interviewing want to be liked. They want to demonstrate their smarts. When you’re interviewing someone you know nothing. You’re learning a completely new and fascinating subject: that person.
Preparation
Once you have established who you want to talk to and what you want to find out, create your interview guide. This is a document you should have with you while you’re interviewing to ensure that you stay on topic and get all of the information you need.
The interview guide should contain:
- The brief description and goal of the study. This is for you to share with the participant and use to remind yourself to stay close to the topic.
- The basic factual or demographic questions for putting the participant’s answers in context. These will vary depending on the purpose of the interview, but often include name, gender, age, location, and job title or role.
- A couple of icebreaker or warm-up questions to get the participant talking. Most people know this as “small talk.” Feel free to improvise these based on the demographic information.
- The questions or topics that are the primary focus of the interview.
You should also gather a bit of background information on the topic and people you’ll be discussing, particularly if the domain is unfamiliar to you. Talking to homeowners about how they selected their mortgage brokers? Read up on mortgages. Sitting down with the head of customer service? Review the support forums or frequently asked questions.
Interview structure: three boxes, loosely joined
An interview has three acts, like a play or a spin class: the introduction and warm-up, the body of the interview, and the conclusion.
Introduction
Introduce yourself with a smile, expressing genuine gratitude that the person you are interviewing has taken the time to talk (even if they’re getting a large incentive and especially if it’s a busy staff member who has taken time out of their workday).
Describe the purpose of the conversation and the topic without going into so much detail that you influence the answer. Explain how the information will be used and shared. Obtain their explicit permission to record the conversation.
Ask whether they have any questions about the process.
Move on to the demographic information or facts you need to verify. Use the collection of this information as the basis for the warm-up questions.
“Oh, you live in San Diego. What do you like to do for fun there?”
Body
Once you’ve covered the formalities and pleasantries, it’s time to dig into the interview meat. With a sufficiently talkative subject, you might get all of the answers you wanted and more without asking more than the initial question directly.
Ask open-ended questions that encourage the subject to talk, not closed questions that can be answered with “yes” or “no.” (Closed question: “Do you communicate with the marketing department often?” Open question: “Tell me about the internal groups you communicate with as part of your job.”)
If the subject doesn’t offer enough information on a topic, ask a follow-up or probing question, such as “Tell me more about that.”
Allow pauses to let the story through. Silence is uncomfortable. Get used to it and don’t rush to fill gaps in the flow of conversation. You want your subject to do that.
Use your list of questions more as a checklist than as a script. If you read the questions verbatim, you’ll sound like a robocall survey.
Conclusion
Once you have the information you were looking for, and hopefully even more, make a gentle transition to the wrap-up. Say something like “That’s it for my questions. Is there anything else you’d like to tell me about what we discussed?”
Thank them for their time and cover any administrative topics such as incentives or next steps on the project.
Don’t be afraid to shut it down early if you find yourself in an unproductive interview situation. Sometimes an interview subject goes taciturn or hostile. It happens and the best thing you can do is move on to the next one. There is no rule that says you need to hang in until you’ve attempted to have every single one of your questions answered.
Just do your part to remain friendly and respectful to the end.
Conducting the interview
You, the interviewer, play the dual role of host and student. Begin by putting the participant at ease with your demeanor. The more comfortable a participant feels, the more and better information you will get. A relaxed participant will open up and be more honest, less likely to worry about putting on a good impression.
Once you’ve done your part to get the subject talking, get out of the way. You should strive to be a nearly invisible, neutral presence soaking up everything the other person has to say. Think of them as the world’s foremost expert on themselves, which is the all-absorbing matter at hand. Insert yourself only when necessary to redirect back on topic or get clarification. You will know when your interview is going particularly well because you won’t be able to get a word in, but you will be getting answers to all your questions.
Breathe
It’s easy to feel like you’re on stage and tense up without realizing it. Your own tension can be contagious, so remind yourself to breathe and remain relaxed and observant.
Practice active listening
As long as you’re breathing, make interested mm-hmm sounds. If you’re interviewing in person, make sure to look at the speaker directly and nod. Unrelated thoughts might start to pop up, especially if an answer goes on at length. Stay alert and focused on the other person.
Keep an ear out for vague answers
You want details and specifics. Always be ready to bust out a probing question such as “Why is that?” or “Tell me more about that.”
Avoid talking about yourself
Sometimes, what starts as active listening turns into, “Let me tell you about a similar experience I had….” The interview isn’t about you or your opinions. This can be very hard to remember and takes practice to avoid. So, if you find that you’ve inserted yourself into their narrative, just stay relaxed and steer the conversation back on track.
Handy checklist
This checklist for effective user research was adapted from the Ethnography Field Guide produced by the Helsinki Design Lab, powered by Sitra, the Finnish Innovation Fund (http://bkaprt.com/jer/10/):
- Create a welcoming atmosphere to make participants feel at ease.
- Always listen more than you speak.
- Take responsibility to accurately convey the thoughts and behaviors of the people you are studying.
- Conduct your research in the natural context of the topic you’re studying.
- Start each interview with a general description of the goal, but be careful of focusing responses too narrowly.
- Encourage participants to share their thoughts and go about their business.
- Avoid leading questions and closed yes/no questions. Ask follow-up questions.
- Prepare an outline of your interview questions in advance, but don’t be afraid to stray from it.
- Whenever possible, snap photos of interesting things and behaviors.
- Also note the exact phrases and vocabulary that participants use.
- Pay attention after you stop recording. You might get a valuable revelation.
Try to be as conversational and natural as possible. If the user volunteers the information in the course of your conversation without you having to ask, that’s terrific. Your questions are just prompts to help the participant tell you a story that reveals situations, attitudes, and behaviors you didn’t even think to ask about. Offer enough information to set the scope for the conversation, but not so much that you influence the response.
Here is a sample set of questions, based on our museum website design example, for you to modify to meet your needs:
- Tell me about your job.
- Walk me through a typical week in your life.
- How often are you online?
- What computers or devices do you use?
- When do you use each of them?
- Do you share any of them?
- What do you typically do online?
- What do you typically do on your days off?
- How do you decide what to do?
- Tell me about how your children use the internet.
- How do you decide what to do on your days off with your kids?
- What are your particular non-work interests? What do you read online besides the news?
- How frequently do you visit museums in your town? Which ones?
- What prompts you to go?
What to do with the data you collect
The interview is the basic unit of ethnographic research. Once you’ve completed your interviews, analyze them all together to find themes, including user needs and priorities, behavior patterns, and mental models. Note the specific language and terms you heard so you can better reflect the way users think and talk in the actual interface. If you are doing generative research, look to the needs and behaviors you discover to point out problems that need solving. Turn the clusters around user types into personas that you can use for the life of the product or service you’re working on.
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Nishant Kothary on the Human Web: The Merry Stormtrooper
“I work at Microsoft,” I said.
It was SxSW 2009, and I’d just bumped into someone I dated in college. This was the first time we’d seen each other since our breakup. As often happens in such situations, the uncomfortable exchange had come down to one question: whose life was better?
My reptilian brain went into overdrive as I sensed her move in for the kill.
“Oh? Ha”, she said. Knife. Twist. It was over.
In today’s tech culture, Microsoft is like the guy wearing the bluetooth headset: uncool by default. I joined the Death Star shortly after the iPhone was announced in 2007. I left earlier this year, shortly after the launch of the Surface RT, and a few months after my five year anniversary at the company. My area of focus was the web community, a place where relations were strained to say the least. And for a brief period of time during my tenure, my job was to get the web community to love Internet Explorer again.
Sad Yoda.
At the time, Internet Explorer was any web evangelist’s worst nightmare. In the years leading up to my start at Microsoft, it had become a product that we (excluding our moms, maybe) had grown to love to hate. Try to imagine charts like this, even if made in jest, being created for your product. IE-hating is so much of a cliché that the IE marketing team even released an ad based on the very cliché of trolling IE.
Despite the incessant animosity, I loved my job. With the exception here or there, I liked my coworkers, respected my direct management chain, loved what I worked on, and delivered some work worthy of real-world pride. I was a happy Stormtrooper, and one of the things I frequently repeated to my peers and friends while at Microsoft was, “If I quit, it’s going to be to work for myself. It’s going to be really hard to beat this gig.” That is, in fact, what I did earlier this year.
But, under the predominantly #firstworldproblems lens for evaluating job quality, most people considered my job, pardon my French, shitty. Dan Ariely sheds some light on this in his first book: “We are always looking at the things around us in relation to others. We can’t help it.” Humans derive the value of Item A by subconscious comparisons to similar items B and C. And as compared to working at a “cool” Microsoft competitor or a “hot” Silicon Valley startup, I had a shitty job. So, let’s just go with that.
On the upside, though, this does uniquely qualify me to answer a profound question for you: how can you be happy in a shitty job?
Ashton Kutcher—yes, that Ashton Kutcher—provides some sound career advice in his speech at the recent Teen Choice Awards. “I’ve never had a job in my life that I was better than. I was always just lucky to have a job,” said Ashton to a sea of screaming teenagers. Comedian Louis C.K. echoes Kutcher’s refreshing eloquence with his characteristic bluntness in a hilarious routine where he says, “You think you’re too interesting a person to have a shitty job!?” But I suspect telling you that you have to get over yourself, appreciate opportunity and work hard isn’t very helpful advice. So let me borrow the thoughts of another mind whose work has influenced me greatly over the years, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.
Csikszentmihalyi gets credited with introducing the concept of flow: the state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience itself is so enjoyable that people will do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it. But Csikszentmihalyi’s greatest contribution wasn’t the concept of flow but his insights into how you can achieve flow in any situation in life. In other words, Csikszentmihalyi cracked the code for the secret to happiness. And miraculously, he achieved this without having to resort to theoretical clichés and platitudes. He actually did it scientifically.
At the risk of unfairly summarizing Flow, Csikszentmihalyi’s recipe for eternal happiness is based on a counterintuitive idea that unachievable goals, those proverbial big dreams of fame and fortune if you will, are the root of most unhappiness. This is not to say that he is against achieving great successes in life. After all, much of his findings come from examining how the highest achievers in the world, from Olympic triathletes to concert soloists, find flow. Csikszentmihalyi’s research has found that you pretty much write off any chance you may have of achieving flow (happiness) by setting goals that are obviously out of your reach. In my experience, you also greatly lower your chances of stratospheric levels of success by explicitly setting goals that are obviously out of your reach. It’s a lose-lose.
The secret, as Mihaly discovered by studying all types of people in the flow state, lies in setting achievable goals that are just a wee bit out of reach. The kind of goals that will require you to stretch yourself and grow in order to achieve them. And when you meet them? Raise the stakes, and repeat. That’s it.
This is a profoundly simple concept in theory. But as the saying goes, “In theory, theory and practice are the same. In practice, they are different.” And it’s because it’s always easier said than done.
Leading up to IE9, I believed that getting the community to love IE again had two prerequisites: (a) IE had to become a product deserving of love again, (b) The community needed to let go of the legacy hatred. Even though I helped loop community feedback into product features, I wasn’t on the engineering team, and thus, I was limited in my ability to directly influence (a). Instead, along with a handful of my peers, I turned my focus on (b): reducing all the hatred for IE.
Eliminating hatred is no small feat. But from Mihaly’s perspective of flow, it is an achievable one, i.e. it’s relatively easier to get someone to stop hating something than it is to get them to go directly from hating to loving it. It requires humility, discipline, patience, a strategy, and admittedly, a pinch of masochism. Most of my work in and around the IE9 timeframe focused heavily on regaining community trust. Projects I was involved in, like 10K Apart and Lost World’s Fairs, were all part of an effort to show IE9 in its true light. It took a year’s worth of hard work and more than a few tomatoes to the face, but the negative sentiment around Internet Explorer reduced surely and steadily. Feedback became meaningful, conversations become constructive. The engineering team had created a good browser, and by the time it launched, the hate wasn’t canceling out that fact. Even you partook in the rare public display of affection for IE9.
Influencing sentiment in any domain is a challenging problem. But freed from my idealistic shackles, I was able to approach the problem without the surrounding negativity bringing me down. I flexed new brain cells, learned to truly strategize and measure in long-term units, reevaluated beliefs about right and wrong (a discussion for another day), and grew in all sorts of previously unimaginable ways. And, as Mihaly predicted, this led to a tremendous amount of flow. For such a “shitty” job, it was one of my happiest times not only at Microsoft, but in my career.
The beauty of Mihaly’s approach is its micro-versatility. It can be applied to almost anything in life, both at work and at play, from attitudes and behaviors to career and life goals. Having difficulty losing fifteen pounds? Maybe you should focus on losing five pounds first. Is your business not making enough money? Maybe you’re boiling the ocean, and need better focus. Unable to successfully give your sister some career advice? Maybe you should work on being a good listener first. Whatever the problem, it can be framed in such a way that you are working toward the long-term goal by setting a realistic initial goal before you raise the bar and repeat. As it turns out, the essence of aphorisms like, “He who ships, wins,” or “The secret to getting ahead is getting started,” live in Mihaly’s elegant recipe for flow.
But try to tell that to your inner critic and you’ll feel an instant backhand slap across your cheek. The inner critic sees realistic goals as the doorway to mediocrity. It will taunt you, and call you a loser for setting a “lesser” goal. It will attack you with Vince Lombardi’s infamous words that forever tipped the scale in favor of our runaway aspirations, “Winners never quit, and quitters never win.” But as Seth Godin counters in his pocket reference, The Dip , “Winners quit all the time. They just quit the right stuff at the right time.” What your critical mind dubs a lesser goal is, in fact, a smarter goal. And it is your only path towards getting the big, even if currently unachievable, prize.
In closing, I encourage you to revisit that recurring shitty situation. It could be related to your relationships, your finances, your health, your job, or something else entirely. The realm is irrelevant. What is relevant is your approach. And while there’s a limited amount I can do to help you through the internet, I urge you to dedicate some attention to the finer details. Happiness is a goal, and an achievable one if you are to believe Mihaly when he writes, “A person can make himself happy, or miserable, regardless of what is actually happening ‘outside’.”
May the force be with you.
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